Introduction

As generative AI systems have rapidly spread across social and enterprise environments, new and original attack approaches have begun to emerge. One of the most critical of these attacks is prompt injection, which is widely recognized in the literature as a major security vulnerability. The fact that prompt injection ranks first in the security risks list published by OWASP for LLM-based applications clearly highlights the importance of this issue.

In this article, I examine what prompt injection attacks are, which techniques are commonly used to carry them out, and how effective defense mechanisms can be developed against them, based on existing literature. I also address a frequently asked question from a realistic perspective: “Can this problem be solved only through fine-tuning?”